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Bike India Team

Oil is Well

May 10, 2011 by Bike India Team Leave a Comment

Words: Piyush Sonsale
Photography: Sanjay Raikar

An internal combustion engine without engine oil is like a body without blood. When the oil level is low, the condition is comparable with that of a dehydrated athlete.

 

The reasons are not far to seek. Being a contraption of mechanical linkages, the metal parts of an engine exert mechanical force on each other. This entails an evil – a destructive phenomenon called friction. Friction grinds the metallic parts and causes wear. Also, as the process is exothermic, it increases the engine’s temperature above optimum levels, which, in turn, causes the metal parts to expand and fuse into each other to seize the engine. In short, in the absence of oil your vehicle can be dead by the time you ride back home from the showroom or maybe earlier.

Oil management
The primary function of engine oil is lubrication to avoid friction. Barring the area in an engine’s cylinder between the piston head and the combustion chamber, every other part is soaked in oil. Channels and perforations are made in the components for the passage of oil. Oil forms a separating film between the connected parts to avoid friction. However, it still doesn’t make the engine completely friction-free. Frictional grinding creates microscopic rubble, which again mixes with the oil. This saves it from scraping against the metal parts, but, in the process, the oil becomes contaminated. Oil drains down by gravity and is collected in a collector called a sump. An oil filter cleans the oil by removing these microscopic particles and other waste. An oil pump then recirculates the oil throughout the engine and so on.

Job profile
Since oil keeps flowing continuously, it also absorbs and takes away excess engine heat by convection. Anti-oxidation additives in the oil prevent oxidation of the metallic components while acid neutralisers guard it against acids formed during combustion. Oil also seals the gap between the piston and the cylinder liner. Reduced friction ensures optimum efficiency in the engine’s working, which helps in saving fuel. Now that we know we can’t ignore it, let’s see how engine oil is made.



What’s in the oil?
Engine oils are basically hydrocarbons reinforced with additives to give them specific properties. These oils have higher flash points (temperatures at which they give out inflammable fumes) to be able to handle engine heat.
Oil types: The basic difference in engine oils lies in their origin, which can be from nature or artificial. The second distinction is their ‘kinematic viscosity’ (time taken to flow down a surface when subjected to gravitational force) and ‘absolute viscosity’ (resistance to flow when under pressure). The higher the kinematic viscosity, the better the oil settles on engine parts when the engine is not alive. Oils with high absolute viscosity resist flowing when forced by the oil pump, which is not favourable. The rate at which viscosity changes (viscosity index) also defines the type of oil.

Mineral oil: Mineral oils are derived from naturally occurring crude oil. Its quality is then improved with certain additives. Price-wise these are the cheapest and also have the shortest life.

Synthetic oil: Synthetic oils are man-made. Their chemical composition is formulated in a laboratory and is then produced artificially in a controlled environment. These oils are generally polyalphaolefins (PAO) while some are ester-based. Esters are polar by nature (magnetic properties), so they stick on metal surfaces, maintaining an oil film. However, the production cost of ester-based oils is high, making them rather expensive to buy. Synthetic oils have very low or no wax content, which is the culprit for oil condensation.

Semi-synthetic oil: As the name suggests, semi-synthetic oils stand between mineral and purely synthetic oils. These are generally mineral oils blended with synthetic ones and serve as a compromise between the two.

Considering the price, synthetics cost much more than mineral oils while semis are costlier, but close to minerals. However, synthetic oils can sustain extreme temperatures and pressure and also double the vehicle’s oil change interval. Thus the increase in the price justifies the brew. More so if the vehicle is used in extreme conditions, on harsh terrain or is not maintained properly.

In each of these three types, the following additives are added in varying proportions to further enhance the quality of the oil.


Viscosity index improvers (VII): These chemicals make the oil less susceptible to viscosity change as a result of variations in temperature.

Corrosion inhibitors: Anti-oxidants are added to prevent oxidation.
Acid neutralisers: These are added to absorb and chemically neutralise acids, such as sulphuric acid formed in the engine.

Pour point depressants: Pour point depressants increase the ability of oil to flow at low temperatures. This helps during cold starts.

Anti-foaming agents: These are helpful in avoiding the formation of foam in the engine.
Detergents:  These help in cleansing the engine from within.

Oil grades
The Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) is a worldwide association of engineers with regional subsidiaries. The Society sets standards in the automobile, aerospace and industrial fields. The SAE has conducted globally accepted viscosity tests on engine oils at high (100º C/212º F) and low (0º C/32ºF) temperatures to classify them according to their grading system. Every oil company mentions these grades on their engine oil cans.
The low temperature grades are suffixed with a ‘W’ to denote winter viscosity.

The higher the number, the thicker the oil at cold temperatures. For instance, 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W. The hot temperature grades only have the number. For example, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.


Engine oils are also classified as single or multi-grade oils.
Single-grade oils: These are tested at either high or low temperature. They have only one grade. For example, 10W, 20, 50. These oils have little use in automobiles when engine and atmospheric temperatures vary. These are mostly used in industrial generators, lawn-mower engines or chain saws.

Multi-grade oils: These are tested at both low and high temperatures. Both the grades are mentioned on the oil.  Automobiles generally use multi-grades as the same oil can be used at different temperatures. For example, 10W30, 20W50 etc.

For Indian conditions, the commonly used grades for motorcycles are 20W40 and 20W50. Oils with winter grades lower than 15 are recommended only in extremely low temperature areas.

Engine oil properties depend largely on the type of engine. Hence, engine oils are different for each type of engine. Since two-stroke engines are now obsolete, let us consider different types of four-stroke engines and their requirements. Nevertheless, two-stroke oils are still on sale. Oil cans with 2T written on them are meant for two-stroke engines. Four-stroke cans have 4T written on them.

Apart from grading, oils are also tested for quality by various national and international standards authorities such as the API, JASO, ACEA and ILSAC et al. For two-wheelers, JASO ratings are more relevant as they test the oil for conditions specific to those engines. However, some oil companies also mention API ratings. JASO stands for the Japanese Automotive Standards Organisation. Currently MA, MA1 and MA2 are the ratings for motorcycles with high friction levels (no anti-friction additives) while the MB rating is given to the ones with low friction (containing anti-friction additives). Manufacturers who get their oils tested by JASO mention the rating on their packaging with the JASO symbol while others just claim the JASO rating based on their own tests.

Do’s and Don’ts
In order to change the engine oil in a motorcycle, drain out the old oil completely and tilt the bike for a while until the last drop jumps into the collector. Plug the drain outlet and pour the exact amount of new oil as prescribed by the manufacturer. If you are running on semi-synthetic or synthetic oil, a delay of up to 1,000 kilometres more than the prescribed oil change interval is pardonable. However, as the oil filter cleans the engine oil during every cycle, it is bound to get saturated with waste over a period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to change the filter at alternate servicing or at least have it cleaned if it is just a strainer when shifting from mineral to synthetic oil.
Apart from quality, the volume of oil in the engine is also important. To check the oil level, unscrew the plastic plug found on the engine. The plug is connected to a shaft called the ‘dipstick’, which has a measuring scale on its surface. Wipe it clean, insert it back into the engine but don’t screw it. Pull it out again and read the oil level on the scale. If found low, top up the engine until the level rises to the prescribed volume, but never overfill the engine with oil.

Black death
Sludge or ‘black death’, as infamously known, is the ‘dark side’ of an engine oil. Sludge is a black, tar-like substance that engine oil gets converted into. Exposure to extreme engine temperatures, transmission pressure, wrong engine oil or, in some cases, a faulty engine design changes the chemical composition of the oil in time. The black waxy substance thus created is called sludge. Sludge causes engine seizure and deterioration of the engine’s organs as it
does not flow through the engine, causing wear. If you find a whitish paste inside your engine, it is oil change time for sure, but the substance is not sludge. It either means that the engine gasket has a leak and the coolant has mixed with the oil or else the engine was cranked when under water and water has mixed with the oil. The only remedy in such cases is oil change with flushing. Flushing is a process of cleaning the engine internally. Fill up the engine with a cheap mineral oil, crank it up and drain out the oil after a few minutes. Then pour in fresh oil.

Waste oil disposal
Now that you have learnt to change the engine oil of your bike on your own, what to do with the waste oil? Flush it down the toilet? Consign it to the dustbin? Bury it in the garden or just throw it over the fence? Never! Waste engine oil is a highly hazardous toxic pollutant. It should either be submitted to a recycling or disposal plant or used as a lubricant in household appliances such as sewing machines, bicycles or gymnasium equipment.

Storing oil
Yes, you can store a can of engine oil for as long as you want, even when the can has already been opened. However, if your vehicle is about to remain unused for a long time, do not drain the oil to store it. Always leave the oil in the vehicle, as it helps in avoiding engine corrosion.

Filed Under: Features, Technology

Your `75K Question,Answered!

May 10, 2011 by Bike India Team Leave a Comment

While there’s been a deluge of new bikes in this segment in the last couple of years, choosing one out of the pack has become more difficult than ever, what with every manufacturer offering almost the same quality, style and performance ina slightly different package.
Saeed Akhtar and Piyush Sonsale help you narrow down the choices

Design 
Design plays an important factor here, and more so in less expensive models. While being a very subjective factor, racy design cues that hint at sportiness and aggressive aerodynamic enhancement are appreciated the most here.
The FZ-16 is the bad boy of the lot here. With tyres so phat they almost don’t need a centrestand. With over-engineered suspension bits and muscular styling borrowed directly from the FZ1, this is one mean streetfighter. The resemblance to its bigger, much bigger, sibling is uncanny.

Ever since its launch, TVS has continually kept on tweaking the Apache, both cosmetically and mechanically. And it shows. The RTR we have here is a far cry from the original, let’s say a sportbike minus the fairing. The GS 150R borrows styling cues from Suzuki’s global superbikes, especially the shape of the tank, the tail section and the headlamp assembly.

The Dazzler is to the Unicorn what Spiderman is to Peter Parker. Adopting Honda’s new design philosophy has done wonders to the sober Unicorn exoskeleton, and the outcome is refreshingly good. Then you have the Hunk which looks exactly what the name indicates, an otherwise nice guy who just happened to spend too much time in the gym. Lastly, we have the Pulsar, which was the sportiest-looking bike in the market a decade back, but, is now starting to look a bit jaded despite its yearly tweaks. We really wish that Bajaj will come out with something radical very soon.

Build Quality
What good is stylish design without solid build quality to back it up? While it goes without saying that careful maintenance can expand a bike’s lifespan and save you from recurring maintenance headaches, production methods matter too. Honda has rightly earned a reputation for solidly built bikes and it shows in their products here. No unsightly welding points are visible on these, the paintjob is deep and lustrous enough to be a mirror, and the electricals are tucked away neatly in place. Interestingly, the Yammie and the Suzuki has retained the legendary build quality that made them so popular here in their two-stroke heydays and is every bit as good as the Dazzler when it comes to build quality.

Then there’s the Hunk. While its over-the-top styling is not to everybody’s taste, there’s no denying the fact that it is very solidly built and the fit and finish is also very good.  Finally we have the Bajaj and TVS bringing up the rear end in this category.  

Ride
The Pulsar 180 sports clip-on handlebars, a toe-only gear shifter and a stepped two-piece seat to offer a charging stance and does feel sporty. However, the seat tends to be hostile to your rounder side during long rides and the gas charged rear shock absorbers help but little, while the Pulsar 220-derived tail grab rails still lack utility and body vibrations are noticeable. The Hunk gives a tucked- in feeling with its huge, ‘well carved in for the thighs’ tank shell and the scooped seat for the rider which has just the right cushioning and contours for your behind. The footpegs are rear biased and the handlebar is on the shorter side giving a sporty edge ride. The Dazzler is more of a 150-cc commuter with forward set footpegs and an upright riding posture. However, the scooped single piece seat induces seating discomfort in time. The FZ 16 has the streetfighter character. The single piece handle bar is wide and straight and the tank shell provides a good grip  but the 140/60 rear tyre’s low profile makes the ride stiffer than expected. Taking note of the negatives, the FZ has rather small mirrors, a very painful pillion seat and the grab rails come right under your bottom. The RTR 160 scores high on ergonomics when on the track but feels too focused on the streets. The engine revs high and tickles you throughout the ride and the rear gas-charged suspension is stiffer than expected. Also, the bike’s small size doesn’t suit tall riders. For them the king size GS 150R is the answer. It lends an upright but relaxed riding posture with its wide seat, huge tank shell and high handlebars, while the toe-heel ‘rocker’ gear shifter stamps its commuter nature, but as an executive one.



Handling
The Dazzler’s chassis gives it the best handling characteristic. It feels nimble and in control on any road surface, while the rear hydraulic disc brake adds to its stopping power. Similarly, the FZ too handles like a hot knife through butter due to excellent mass centralisation upfront, a wide handle bar and a steep rake angle. But the biggest advantage these two bikes have is the monoshock rear suspension. The other four contenders of our comparison are more-or-less on the same level below these two. The Pulsar is a good city bike but doesn’t feel as sure footed as the rest in corners. The Hunk hugs the road all the time and comes with a rear hydraulic disc brake like the RTR, who’s small wheelbase, stiff suspension and good throttle response makes it a very manoeuvrable bike. The big boy GS is a steady commuter.

Performance  
The Pulsar 180 has the biggest engine in contention and boasts the highest power and torque figures amongst the contenders of this comparo. It is the quickest to attain the 60kmph mark from standstill, in 4.98 seconds, and covers the 30-70kmph transition in 11.77 seconds in the fourth gear and has a top speed of 117.5kmph. When it comes to top speed though, the Apache RTR 160 comes to the forefront of the pack with 118.7kmph, thanks to its  correct gearing and a high power to weight ratio. Its 0-60kmph time is 5.04 seconds while the 30-70kmph in fourth gear requires 8.92 seconds,  the best roll-on figure here. The Dazzler and the Hunk share the same 149-cc Honda engine but the nature of  tune and other vehicle dynamics like chassis, the aerodynamics and the weight differentiates their performance. The Dazzler has a high top speed but isn’t quick through the gears while it’s the opposite for the Hunk. The Dazzler has a true top speed of 118.18kmph, making it the second fastest bike of our comparison and it accelerates from 0-60kmph in 5.45 seconds while the heavy Hunk is the slowest punk with a top speed of 107.16kmph but accelerates from 0-60kmph in 5.08 seconds due to its shorter gearing. The Dazzler achieves the 30-70kmph jump in fourth gear in 11.9 seconds. The Hunk does the same in just 9.52 seconds. Moving on, the FZ 16 develops 14PS of power at a lower engine speed (7,500rpm) than the other five bikes. On the performance chart though, it doesn’t score any stars. It accelerates from 0-60kmph in 5.51 seconds and completes the 30-70kmph run in fourth gear in 9.2 seconds, while the top speed stands at 110.9kmph. The GS 150R has a 149.5-cc power plant which produces a respectable 14 PS of power and 13.4 Nm of torque, but it’s the heaviest bike of the lot, which hampers its performance. It accelerates from 0-60kmph in 5.46 seconds and has a top speed of 108 kmph. The 30-70kmph progress in fourth gear comes after 11.5 long seconds.   

Fuel Efficiency
The Rs 65,000 to 75,000 price bracket defines the affordable performance bike category in the Indian motorcycle market, but who are we kidding — fuel efficiency is always the common denominator for an Indian bike. For this review, we have collected the fuel economy figures of all our previous road tests and have combined them in a no-nonsense percentile format.

And the results are interesting, to say the least. Despite its considerable heft, the Suzuki GS150R is the most fuel efficient bike here thanks to its sixth gear which is essentially a cruising gear, delivering an astonishing figure of 59.75kmpl overall. The Dazzler comes in second with 55.70 kmpl, followed by the Pulsar 180 and HH Hunk, both delivering 51kmpl overall. Just half a step behind the two comes the high revving RTR 160 with an overall fuel efficiency figure of 50kmpl. Completing the roundup is the FZ-160 whose wide tyres and massive suspension bits endow it with an overall figure of 43.5kmpl.

Cost of Spares
The question of ownership doesn’t end after the purchase, it begins there. The overhauling part of the maintenance ritual hardly bothers the pocket, it’s the cost of spare parts to be replaced that affects the maintenance cost.  Hence, it is an important factor to consider. We fetched the Pune prices of the frequently required spares, compared the totals of each and alotted them points according to their percentile with respect to the smallest total. However, do keep in mind the fact that cheaper spare parts don’t directly translate into long-term gains, because the quality of materials determines how reliable a part will eventually be. And that’s where the Honda, Hero Honda, Yamaha and Suzuki (in that order) have an edge over Bajaj and TVS.

Bells and Whistles 
Fitting in with the crowd is not always a good thing. There are perils and pitfalls in being just another innocuous stand-in. To captivate the heart and minds of the consumer, a product needs to have that X-factor, that zing and the killer edge that sets it apart from the breed. And while every contender here has a few tips and tricks up its sleeve, there are some features that do stand out. Like the 6-speed gearbox on the GS150R, the only one here. And the 140mm rear tyre on the FZ. Moving on, the Bajaj and Suzuki offers LED tail lamps while the Honda and Yamaha sports a monoshock suspension at the rear. Apart from the usual console functions and tell-tale lights, the RTR’s unit also has a 0-60 timer and a top speed logger whereas the GS150R is the only one here with a gear indicator, highlighting its unique in-class sixth-speed gearbox. Like most current Hondas, the Dazzler incorporates a viscous air filter and a maintenance-free battery that should helpfully reduce maintenance chores but misses out on an engine kill switch (the Hunk hasn’t got one either).  And, oh, with the exception of the GS150R, every other bike here rides on tubeless tyres.

Resale Value
No matter how much you love your current bike, or the one you’ve set your eyes on right now, there’s no doubt that a few years down the line, a better bike will come along and set your heart of fire. And there’s a high probability that you will have to get rid of your current prized possession in order to accommodate that in your garage. Plus the added cash won’t hurt.

Amongst the bikes that we have lined up here, the Honda has the strongest brand image and it shows in its extremely high resale value. It is the brand that generated the most enthusiastic response amongst the second-hand market. Yamaha’s legendary reliability that manifested itself in its two-stroke era is still visible in its current products and thus it manages to come a close second here. By virtue of association, Hero Hondas come third here, with their products faring especially well in the rural markets thanks, in no small part, to the enormous cult following of its Splendor and CD brands that have rubbed off on their premium products. Then we have the ever-popular Pulsar, which many youth will buy with their eyes closed, followed by TVS and Suzuki in short order.

Dealer Network
Hero Honda ranks number one here hands down. No region in the country lacks a Hero Honda dealership but the ‘distinctly ahead’ Bajaj brand isn’t too far behind. They lack the number of dealerships in a particular area but Bajaj’s dealer network is as exhaustive as that of  Hero Honda’s. The TVS Motor Company ranks third here followed by Honda in fourth place, while the other two Japanese bike makers Yamaha and Suzuki rank fifth and sixth respectively.

Verdict
This is it, judgment time. Just a glance at the final points tally will tell you how close a fight it was and how little there’s to separate one contender from another. The Suzuki GS150R is one of the most comfortable bikes in this segment and is the only one here to offer a six-speed gearbox. Yet its lazy power delivery and innocuous character doesn’t make it an enticing buy and hence, it is relegated to the bottom of the charts here. Then we have the Hunk and FZ16 bringing up the rear end, each with an overall tally of 69 points each. Bajaj really needs to update the Pulsar substantially, and if it does so soon, we won’t be surprised if the new Pulsar 180 comes out on top next year. On the plus side, Bajaj is offering a 180-cc bike at the price of a 150! That brings us to the joint winners of this guide, the Hero Honda CB Dazzler and the TVS Apache RTR 160. While the Dazzler offers buyers the best overall ride, handling and ownership experience in a relaxed and commuter-ish package, the RTR is for the sporty rider who wants absolutely no compromise on the performance front. Either way, you can’t go wrong with one of these.

design

Filed Under: Comparison, Review

Baby KTM on the prowl

May 9, 2011 by Bike India Team Leave a Comment

Spotted – Bajaj KTM 200 in Bengaluru 

Not long after Bajaj made it clear that they would be bringing in a 200cc KTM motorcycle to Indian shores, there’s been a spate of sightings of the test mule, mostly around the Bajaj facility at Chakan near Pune. Now, Bike India reader Niranjan Skoda has sent us these images of the bike being tested in Bengaluru. In contrast to most spy pictures, Niranjan was actually lucky enough to get some very detailed pictures of the stationary bike.

 KTM created the 125cc for European markets because of the licensing laws there, which stipulate that all beginners’ bikes should be restricted to below 125 cc and/or 17 PS of peak power. Since this is not the case in India, it made no sense for KTM to manufacture such a ‘small’ bike in a country where cubic capacity is (sadly) one of the most important criteria in buying a new motorcycle. The maximum power output of the 200cc mill is expected to be somewhere in the 20-25 PS region. So, given the bike’s lean kerb weight of 130 kg, it should do a top speed of about 145 km/h. Feast your eyes on the pictures till then.

 

Words: Saeed Akhtar

Photos: Niranjan Skoda

Filed Under: Latest News, News

Adrenaline fest

May 6, 2011 by Bike India Team Leave a Comment

Pune to host a Freestyle motocross event.

Pune to host a Freestyle motocross event.

The popularity of motorcycle stunting is increasing rapidly. And now it is about to get even bigger, higher and flashier. A Pune based sports management firm Entourage Sports & Entertainment has organised a Freestyle Motocross (FMX) show named ‘Kingdom Of Stunts’ at the Indian Law College (ILS) ground on May 14 and 15. International Freestyle Motocross and BMX stunters from the US, Australia, Canada and Chile will be performing daredevil stunts during the two day event. Even Indian street stunters will get a platform to display their talent in front of international stunt-stars like Clinton Moore, Jorel Bermudez and Lance Rusell. The stunts will be accompanied by dance, music, laser shows, fire performers and fireworks to get your adrenaline soaring even higher. Tickets of the event are available at the organisor’s office on Prabhat Road Pune, Mocha, Big Wheels Motoring Cafe Kamshet, all ABS fitness outlets, City pride multiplexes, Kolors, ABC farms Koregaon Park and the venue itself. Tickets start from Rs 500 and go all the way upto Rs 5000 to get you closer to the action.

Words: Piyush Sonsale

Filed Under: News, Shows & Events

Hero Electric Goes West

May 5, 2011 by Bike India Team Leave a Comment

 

Electrovaya and Hero Electric showcase electric scooters for the North American market

 

Hero Electric recently augmented their collaboration with Electrovaya Inc., the Canada-based manufacturer of Lithium Ion SuperPolymer batteries. As part of this collaboration, Hero Electric showcased its electric scooters, powered by Electrovaya batteries, at the recently-concluded International Spring Motorcycle Show in Toronto. Hero Electric has also developed two electric scooters unique to the North American market, the Zion and Optima Plus. The Hero Group subsidiary plans to start selling electric scooters fitted with Electrovaya’s Li-ion batteries in the Canadian market in the third quarter of 2011. According to Sohinder Gill, CEO of Hero Electric, the scooters will initially be marketed in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and the distribution network will thereafter be expanded to most of the critical markets in Canada.

“Hero Electric is an established company with a solid brand reputation in an industry that will see its share within the transportation market grow as the price of oil continues to rise,” said Dr. Sankar Das Gupta, CEO of Electrovaya Inc. “Our Lithium Ion Super Polymer battery technology is an ideal fit for the two-wheeler electric vehicle model because of its scalability, efficiency and green NMP-free production process.”

 

Words: Saeed Akhtar

Filed Under: New Bike Launches, News

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